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India-based mostly global solution company HCL applied sciences on Thursday stated it is acquiring a big part of IBM's utility portfolio as a method to give a boost to its software enterprise and its as-a-provider capabilities.
HCL, Noida, India, plans to spend about $1.eight billion for a application portfolio from IBM that both businesses say represents a complete addressable market exceeding $50 billion.
blanketed in the acquisition are such IBM products as IBM Appscan, a security-concentrated software for deciding on and managing vulnerabilities in mission-essential purposes; IBM BigFix endpoint management and protection application; IBM Unica, a cloud-based business advertising and marketing automation utility; and IBM WebSphere Commerce, an omni-channel commerce platform for B2C and B2B corporations.
[Related: 5 Ways IBM Is Looking To Empower Partners]
IBM is additionally selling to HCL its IBM WebSphere Portal, a platform for establishing business net portals to aid companies bring tremendously customized social journey to shoppers; the IBM Notes and IBM Domino collaborative client/server software platform; and IBM Connections, a platform for integrating e-mail, exercise and project administration, speedy messaging, and file and document sharing.
For HCL, the software being acquired is anticipated to supply the business a lift in speedy-becoming safety, advertising and commerce, all of that are strategic to the business, spoke of C Vijayakumar, the company's president and CEO, in an announcement.
"The huge-scale deployments of those items deliver us with a pretty good opportunity to attain and serve heaps of global organizations throughout a wide range of industries and markets," Vijayakumar said in that observation.
Darren Oberst, corporate vice chairman and head of the products and systems company of HCL, instructed CRN that the acquisition was part of a long-time period strategy by using his company to diversify its enterprise.
HCL is an $8 billion, 40-plus-yr-historical capabilities enterprise with core expertise in each engineering and software outsourcing and IT outsourcing, Oberst referred to.
"About three years ago, we all started our increase approach and how to flow far from the labor-intensive application enterprise to supply greater value to our shoppers," he pointed out.
With the acquisition of this utility portfolio from IBM, HCL might be able to combine the entrepreneurial potential, speed and efficiency of an organization like HCL with over 100,000 personnel global with the application in such a means in an effort to set it aside from its opponents, Oberst mentioned.
"This represents a fundamentally new direction for us," he observed. "We're moving into working with utility with one of the most largest groups on the planet. We are looking to create a set of solutions that only a few businesses in the world can convey."
Going ahead, HCL technologies and IBM will proceed their long-term relationship the place both sell each other’s applied sciences, Oberst talked about.
"it be a win-win," he said. "We give mind-blowing opportunities for the software shoppers, and IBM focuses on the striking opportunities for increase in the future."
The deal, once it closes, is not expected to have a large change in how IBM's enterprise partners work with the software as it becomes a part of HCL applied sciences, Oberst noted.
"There may be no exchange in these arrangements unless formal deal closure, which is anticipated to take place by means of mid-2019," he spoke of. "publish deal closure, HCL will work with IBM company companions to sign them up as HCL companions. Working with enterprise companions has always been a core part of HCL’s enterprise philosophy."
For IBM, the divestiture of this a part of its software company is a method for the business to better prioritize its investments in more rising, excessive-price segments of the IT industry, said John Kelly, IBM senior vp of cognitive solutions and analysis, in a press release.
"Over the last 4 years, we have been prioritizing our investments to strengthen built-in capabilities in areas corresponding to AI for business, hybrid cloud, cybersecurity, analytics, supply chain and blockchain in addition to trade-certain systems and options together with fitness care, industrial IoT and financial functions. … We trust the time is correct to divest these choose collaboration, advertising and marketing and commerce utility assets, that are more and more delivered as stand-by myself items," Kelly mentioned in that statement.
The transaction is expected to nearby mid-2019. It could be field to regulatory reviews.
IBM executives were now not accessible to deliver extra information through press time.
The news that IBM would be promoting constituents of its software enterprise got here as a complete surprise to IBM's channel partners, a kind of partners advised CRN off the list.
"i will keep in mind removing Lotus Notes and Domino," the solution company noted. "Microsoft workplace 365 and Google Apps are killing the hell out of Lotus Notes. but I can't take note casting off other items like BigFix. I have referred to as into IBM. i'm sure the entire partners do, about what we're purported to inform our consumers, and what help will be like. there may be an awful lot about where will we go from here."
The IBM move is much more complex to be aware seeing that many of the functions IBM is now promoting were recent acquisitions, the solution provider referred to.
"These are startup groups that IBM bought during the last 5 years," the solution provider observed. "They went through years of 'Blue washing.' And now IBM wants to promote them?"
"Liberty Profile" - IBM WebSphere software Server V8.5
IBM WebSphere utility Server V8.5 Liberty profile is a versatile and dynamic server profile of changed into which allows for the become server to deploy only required customized features instead of deploying a large set of obtainable JEE add-ons.
what's Liberty profile in IBM became?
Liberty Profile is part of IBM WebSphere software Server V8.5.5.5. It is terribly lightweight profile of WebSphere application Server. Liberty profile is a versatile and dynamic profile of changed into which allows the become server to deploy most effective required custom aspects as an alternative of deploying a big set of attainable JEE components. builders can select required features in keeping with company requirement and push it to app server. became Liberty profile is premier suited for builders engaged on mission essential enterprise functions. It can be even used for construction deployment. current version of IBM was Liberty profile is Java EE 6 complaint and works well for applications using this Java EE 6 certified internet profile.
Liberty profile is also called gentle weight, down sized edition of turned into ranging from eight.5. we are able to decide to use the equal for application development if we now have limited and well defined set of server add-ons.
became Liberty profile architecture
architecture component Description
Liberty Kernel: it is the core server profile part.
Java EE 6+ : regular Java EE6 API
points: JSP, JSF, web App safety, Servlet, JMS and so forth.
purposes: net applications, commercial enterprise functions
OSGi Framework Runtime: In-built run time bundles
notice:
"Liberty profile is a part of IBM became Product and it is sent as an in-constructed core feature of the WebSphere application Server. Liberty profile is not at all a separate product. it is a runtime ambiance for utility server (changed into) with a rich function set that varies through WebSphere utility Server numerous versions.”
How changed into Liberty Profile Works?
If web-application requires most effective a servlet engine, then in place of starting all other components liberty profile simplest starts the turned into kernel, the HTTP transport and the net container so that builders can straight away birth and set up the functions.
If an software needs persistence feature of their software and would like to use JPA provider element to access relational information (RDBMS), developer just deserve to add JPA configuration in XML and Liberty profile will make it available persistence in the utility.
The set of features which we can outline in <featureManager> tag describes the concrete profile for the configured server particular example and then those lists of features are tailor-made for the application deployed to the utility server. Internally, these points are a discrete set of JARs which is nothing however the OSGi bundles that are initialized and started as soon as they're delivered to the server configuration file (e.g. server.xml ). <feature> tag is use to define app certain JEE facets.
the freedom profile works on a dynamic runtime atmosphere known as OSGi runtime. OSGi services are used to manipulate JEE based component lifecycles, and the injection of dependencies and their runtime configuration. After this step server system and comprises a single JVM, known because the Liberty kernel, and any number of non-compulsory features required with the aid of the functions. After that configured feature code and lots of the kernel code both runs as unbiased OSGi bundles or OSGi modules inside an OSGi framework (Open system Gateway).
the freedom profile supports a subset of the entire WebSphere application Server programming model. It helps below forms-
net applications
OSGi purposes
commercial enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) purposes
OSGi Framework Lifecycle
OSGi framework follows OSGi Lifecycle for his or her Bundles. below is the regular lifecycle of OSGi.
the way to set up turned into Liberty profile?
There are two how you can down load and installation the liberty profile runtime
From within your Eclipse IDE.
As a standalone JAR file that you installation from the command line.
There are some key merits of the usage of Liberty profile runtime which is listed below:
become Liberty profile basic configuration
Liberty profile makes it in fact easy to configure our server in a really basic and productive manner the use of XML file. for example, default server.xml configuration file may additionally appear to be beneath:
<server description="verify server">
<!--allow facets which you'd like to use -->
<featureManager>
<characteristic>jsp-2.2</characteristic>
</featureManager>
<httpEndpoint identity="appHttpEndpoint" host="localhost" httpPort="9080" httpsPort="9443" />
</server>
As per above default server.xml configuration basically permits the JSP 2.2 characteristic, which depends on the Servlet 3.0 characteristic; therefore the Servlet function is immediately enabled. We don't need to to name and outline it explicitly in changed into server.xml configuration file.
became Liberty profile configuration "Code Snippets"
below are some code snippet to configure changed into Liberty Profile. we can use the equal as and when required within the software development.
above code will allow jdbc-4.0 API and enable configured database name in keeping with jndi lookup.
average JEE specification in become Liberty profile
beneath Oracle JEE/J2EE/JSR necessities are available in solid IBM turned into Liberty profile. developers can configure any aspects the usage of above code snippets according to software requirement.
CDI 1.2
JSP 2.three and EL 3.0
application customer 1.0
JASPIC 1.1
JACC 1.5
SIP Servlets 1.1 and equipment
SPNEGO aid
OSGi App integration
JDBC four.1
OSGi & web 3.1 facet configuration for OSGi bundles
JAX-RS 2.0 customer wizard
support for far flung construction
Auto-scaling and dynamic routing
precise-Time Communications (WebRTC) and CouchDB
JAX-RS 2.0, Java Batch
JMS 2.0, JPA 2.1
Bean validation 1.1
JSON-P 1.0
EJB 3.2 Lite
Concurrent-1.0
Servlet three.1
OpenID connect
Java eight toleration
WebSockets
Challenges
1. the freedom Profile is free to make use of which is first rate however handiest in construction environment now not in construction atmosphere. If we are looking to circulation to creation with the freedom Profile we can anyways should pay the standard IBM changed into licensing cost which doesn't sounds first rate.
2. There are other lightweight servers obtainable these days available in the market which is free even for production atmosphere so identifying Liberty profile over these alternatives nonetheless deserve to be evaluated.
3. the liberty Profile doesn't deliver any UI like administrative console to operate server particular constructive configuration moves like updating the server config or installing/uninstalling applications and so forth. so we must depend on Eclipse/RAD/NetBeans editor to update the server.xml file or we must manually modify it which doesn't look a feasible choice for builders.
four. utility developers compare this server to Tomcat and Glassfish which have already been around for a long time so it may be probably the most greatest challenges for relocating to liberty profile.
5. In latest edition liberty profile is developing with lot of latest points so it can be exciting to see how the freedom Profile handles the increase performance load with each footprint and measurement (approx. 60MB).
6. For reduce IBM WebSphere Server versions (5, 6, 7) it isn't appropriate which can be a problem for builders and applications using them.
abstract
In a nutshell we can say that Liberty Profile is likely one of the fastest changing and most entertaining app servers to watch in the marketplace today. So we should still in reality focus on their upcoming releases. New Beta models are developing very rapidly in the market with lot of recent facets which can use in our applications with simply an easy configuration. IBM may still in reality center of attention on constructing UI and some Migration Apps for Liberty Profile developers with the intention to impulsively adopt it as evaluate to different principal rivals like Tomcat, Glassfish, Joss and so on. It could be definitely unique to peer how the latest models of Liberty Profile handle the enhance performance with both footprint and size which is the most important plus with IBM turned into Liberty Profile.
No outcome found, are trying new keyword!Lightbend’s Reactive Platform might be made obtainable in IBM’s marketplace as an built-in equipment with its WebSphere application Server. additionally, IBM intends to combine Lightbend’s reactive prog...
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IBM® WebSphere® Application Server Version 5 provides enhancements to scalability, reliability, Web services, J2EETM 1.3 certification, and many other areas. This chapter explores the various differences between Version 5 and previous versions of this system.
This chapter is from the book
This book continues the series on WebSphere® Application Server Version 5 by focusing on the details of system administration for the product. Once you have developed your J2EE application, and ensured the quality of your application through testing, you are ready to put it into production and use the information from this book to deploy, monitor, tune, and manage your application and the WebSphere Application Server Version 5 environment in which it runs.
IBM® WebSphere® Application Server (hereafter called Application Server) Version 5 provides enhancements to scalability, reliability, Web services, J2EETM 1.3 certification, and many other areas. Version 5 also provides a completely rewritten infrastructure for you to manage and administer your servers and applications. An open-standards-based management framework, JavaTM Management Extensions (JMX), is at the core of the Version 5 management capabilities. New administration tool sets built for Version 5 take advantage of this framework. You can also use the Version 5 administration tool capabilities for your own custom administration programs.
This system administration book discusses a variety of ways to use the Application Server Version 5 management features. Chapter 1 introduces the basic system administration concepts needed to understand Version 5 features. The first important concept to grasp is the new packaging structure for Application Server 5. To understand Application Server administration, you also need to familiarize yourself with the following concepts: servers, nodes and node agents, cells, and the Deployment Manager. It is important that you understand the various processes in the administrative topology and the operating environment in which they apply. Chapter 1 also introduces the four administrative tool sets that are shipped as part of the WebSphere Application Server product.
Chapter 2 completes the foundation concepts needed throughout the rest of the book by delving into the details of the Application Server process internals, distributed administration service product features, administrative security, and the structure of the product configuration files.
Chapter 3 provides a complete reference to the Application Server command-line tools. Each tool is discussed, along with the details of its command-line options.
Chapter 4 is a reference for the Administrative Console program, a sophisticated J2EE Web application that provides the graphical management console for the product. All of the various tasks exposed in the console are covered. This chapter also introduces a set of scenarios for typical administration functions that are carried over to the subsequent chapters for scripting and programmatic administration. These scenarios provide a comparison between how a function can be accomplished through the console, through scripting, and using Java programming interfaces.
Chapter 5 covers the powerful administrative scripting capabilities built into WebSphere Version 5. The wsadmin scripting program supports three operating modes, multiple languages, full extensibility, and complete access to all of the WebSphere Version 5 administration functions.
Chapter 6 delves into the details surrounding programmatic administration, such as writing your own custom management program, extending the Application Server administration system, and using the same Java administrative programming interfaces (APIs) as are used to build all of the other tools shipped with the product.
Application Server Version 5 provides an entirely new packaging structure. Several installation images build on one another to incrementally expand the features available to you. Start with the base product installation, and then add features (e.g., extended programming model enhancements or multi-node network deployment capabilities) as you need them. The two basic packages are Base Application Server and Network Deployment.
The WebSphere Version 5 product for z/OS and OS/390 includes both packages, along with an interactive configuration wizard, called the Customization Dialog, with which the WebSphere for z/OS user can configure base application servers and add network deployment functions.
The Base Application Server Package
A Base WebSphere Application Server installation includes everything needed for a single Application Server instance. Additional server definitions can be logically grouped into nodes. A node can contain many servers, but cannot span multiple computer systems. A single computer system can have multiple nodes installed on it, each with multiple managed servers. For example, multiple nodes defined on a large multiuser enterprise server computer makes better use of the system resources, and can isolate projects from one another. Figure 1.1 depicts the base environment.
Figure 1.1 Basic Application Server environment.
A limitation of this package on its own is that it does not support the coordination between Application Server instances. Administration is limited to a single server at a time. Although you can create new server definitions from the Base console, you cannot use the console that is running in one server to start, stop, or otherwise manage a different server. The Network Deployment package extends the Base Application Server with capabilities for multiprocess, multinode configuration and control.
The Network Deployment Package
A Network Deployment installation can support a network of computer systems that are configured to run collaborating instances of the Base Application Server installation. The Network Deployment package provides centralized administration and workload management for a set of nodes, referred to as a cell. A cell has a master administrative repository that stores the configuration data for all of the nodes in the cell. Figure 1.2 depicts multiple systems in a Network Deployment cell, and shows that a base server can be added to a Network Deployment cell.
Figure 1.2 Network Deployment environment.
One computer system is designated as the central Deployment Manager machine onto which the Network Deployment package is installed. The central Deployment Manager program that is included in this package manages all of the nodes in the cell. Note that the same computer system that supports the Deployment Manager program can also support one or more federated Base Application Server nodes. The issue of whether or not to configure the Deployment Manager onto a separate computer system is more of a best practice concept pertinent to the subject of availability. For instance, large-scale customers such as those on z/OS enterprise servers might be unwilling to dedicate an entire logical partition (LPAR) to running the Deployment Manager alone. They might want to share system resources of that LPAR with other application server nodes. As with many aspects of Application Server Version 5, the choice of location for the Deployment Manager node and other application server nodes is one for each customer to make based on particular environment and operational policies.
To add a Base Application Server installation to the cell, run the addNode program on the base installation (the addNode program is fully described in Chapter 3 of this book). After this is completed, a separate node agent administrative server is created that serves as an intermediary between the application servers on the node and the Deployment Manager. Administrative logic that runs in the node agent keeps the configuration data for a node synchronized with the master configuration data for the cell.
Besides grouping servers into nodes, another logical grouping of servers is the cluster. A cluster can contain servers on different nodes. All of the servers in a cluster must have the identical application deployment configuration, because the purpose of a cluster is to define servers that collaborate for workload balancing and failover capabilities.
I have a customer here at Hungary. They wanted from us to do a WebSphere healtcheck on its production environment, and also have a look on its monitoring system to make it more reliable and comfortable. Customer has a Tivoli Monitoring System, but the production WebSphere environment does not have a proper neither ITCAM nor SNMP agent configured for monitoring.
Since the customer is running mainly on WebSphere Application Server version 8.5.0.1 and higher except some servers (for example WebSphere Portal and Business Process Manager which are using WAS 8.0) it was a perfect choice to use the WAS’ new SNMP agent, shipped with the product itself.
To clarify the differences between WebSphere SNMP agent and ITCAM for WebSphere.
ITCAM for WebSphere: has the capability to monitor in a wider perspecite including operating system attributes as well amongs WebSphere metrics.
WebSphere SNMP Agent: is just another server profile inside the configured node, and provides SNMP interface to the PMI (Performance Monitoring Infrastructure – inside WAS) metrics.
Since customer wants to monitor such basic metrics like CPU usage, uptime, JVM heap size and some pool resources, the SNMP agent seemed a better option for them.
Prerequisites
As I mentioned in the Introduction section, the WebSphere built-in SNMP agent can be used only if you are running WAS version 8.5.0.1 and higher. I have never tried to configure it on previous version. On the other hand, SNMP agent can be used only in ND environment, so standalone servers are out of scope at the moment.
So if you have either standalone servers, or running version prior 8.5, you have only one choice if you want to monitor: ITCAM for WebSphere.
You have to enable PMI for the server which you want to monitor at least Basic level. If you are not sure, you can check it on the admin console by navigating the Monitoring and Tuning > Performance Monitoring Infrastructure (PMI) page and choose the node where your server is. Make sure that checkbox labeled as Enable Performance Monitoring Infrastructure and at least Basic level is set inside the Currently monitored statistic set section.
Supported platforms are:
z/OS
IBM i
Distributed operating systems
Installation and configuration
Well, the configuration is pretty straightforward and described in the product KnowledgeCenter (see resources section), but not as clear as I thought. So let’s walk through together on it and you will read my comments as well. :)
Note: I have a demo environment within IBM Hungary’s office, and this playground running on RHEL 6.4 x64 (Santiago) and WAS version is 8.5.5.9 (see below).
Installed Product––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Name: IBM WebSphere Application Server Network DeploymentVersion: 8.5.5.9 ID ND Build Level cf091608.05Build Date: 2/25/16Package: com.ibm.websphere.ND.v85_8.5.5009.20160225_0435Architecture: x86–64 (64 bit)Installed Features:IBM 64-bit WebSphere SDK for JavaWebSphere Application Server Full Profile EJBDeploy tool for pre-EJB 3.0 modulesEmbeddable EJB containerStand-alone thin clients and resource adapters
Installing the agent
In my environment, I have a dedicated node for the SNMP agents to separate them from the nodes which contains servers/clusters. It is not neccessary, I prefer this way and keep things smooth and clean. My complete topology looks like the following:
My local environment’s topology
Okay, let’s get started.
Start your Deployment Manager server if it is not running already.
Navigate the <Dmgr profile root>/bin directory, then execute the following command: ./wsadmin.sh -lang jacl and wait until the wsadmin prompt comes up.
Locate the SNMP Agent CAR file which can be found on the <WAS binary root>/optionalLibraries directory. In my case this is/opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/optionalLibraries/IBM/SNMPAgent/config/templates/templateSnmpAgentServer.car
You also need to collect your Cell name and the node name where you want to install the SNMP Agent. You can easily collect thom from the admin console. In my case, the cell name is TamasCell01 and the node name is TamasSNMP01.
Go back to the wsadmin interface and execute the following command$AdminTask setVariable {-scope Cell=TamasCell01,Node=TamasSNMP01 -variableName WAS_NODE_NAME -variableValue TamasSNMP01 }
Before we can deploy the agent, you have to define a name for that. In my case I want to monitor my only one server instance, so I named it: SNMPAgent_for_TamasCluster01Server01
Then execute the following:$AdminTask importServer {-archive /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/optionalLibraries/IBM/SNMPAgent/config/templates/templateSnmpAgentServer.car -nodeName TamasSNMP01 -serverName SNMPAgent_for_TamasCluster01Server01 }
Last step is to save the configuration, so execute the following:$AdminConfig save
Deployment finished, you can close your wsadmin session.
Check the result on the admin console. To do that, navigate to the Server > Server types > Generic Servers page and check that the configuration has been created with the defined name and inside the configured node.
DO NOT START THE AGENT YET!
My SNMP agent’s configuration appeared on the admin console
Configuring the agent
Okay, so we have a deployed SNMP agent, now it’s time to configure it. Please note, that an SNMP agent can monitor only one server at a time, so if you have a cluster with 4 servers on two nodes with a deployment manager, and you want to monitor all server instances, you have to install 4 SNMP agent for the servers, 2 SNMP agents for the nodeagents, and 1 SNMP agent for the Deployment Manager.
The agent configuration is little but uncomfortable, because you have to edit 3 XML files under the Deployment Manager config directory. A single SNMP agent has 3 XML files on the following path:<dmgr profile>/config/cells/<cell name>/nodes/<node name>servers/<server name>/. Before modifying these files, it’s a good idea to create a backup.
agentConfig.xml
The agentConfig file contains all the neccessary configuration for the agent itself. Host name, port, username and password, just the basic stuff. Here is my configuration:
In this file, you have to take care for the following properties:
Port: The port number to register the bootstrap agent with the Java RMI service registry. This attribute is present in the <agentConfig> tag.Note 1: Specify a port number higher than 1024 to avoid using reserved ports.Note 2: you can leave this on default. If you have multiple SNMP agents on the same machine, you should take care not to have a port conflict.
ipAddress: The address of the host on which the IBM WebSphere Snmp Agent runs. The same value should be set in SNMP monitoring software to communicate with the IBM WebSphere Snmp Agent. This attribute is present in the <WsSNMP> tag.Note: Specify the fully qualified hostname/IP address instead of the default value: localhost.
snmpPort The port number on which the WebSphere Snmp Agent listens for the snmp packets. The same value should be set in SNMP monitoring software to communicate with the IBM WebSphere Snmp Agent. This attribute is present in the <WsSNMP> tag. user The name of the user authorized to connect to the IBM WebSphere Snmp Agent. The same value should be set in SNMP monitoring software to communicate with the IBM WebSphere Snmp Agent. This attribute is present in the <WsSNMP> tag.Note: ”user” and „password” are the user/password credentials used for the SNMP monitor that is to connect to the SNMP Agent. These credentials are not the WebSphere Application Server credentials used to log in to the administrative console.
authMode The authentication mode used for communicating with the IBM WebSphere Snmp Agent. The same value should be set in SNMP monitoring software to communicate with the IBM WebSphere Snmp Agent. This attribute is present in the <WsSNMP> tag.Note: do not touch this. Use MD5, do not worry about the plain being, after the configuration completed and synchronized the changes to the node and finally start the agent, it will be masked.
password The password of the authorized user defined in the user attribute. The same value should be set in SNMP monitoring software to communicate with the IBM WebSphere Snmp Agent. This attribute is present in the <WsSNMP> tag.Note: the password must be at least 8 characters long.
jmxConfig.xml
The jmxConfig file is responsible to configure the connectivity to the desired server instance.
This section is quite well documented in the KnowledgeCenter except two attributes: the trustStore and the keyStore. In normal cases WAS using its own trustStore and keyStore which is in p12 format and can be found inside the config directory of the Deployment Manager. However, the agent cannot use those files because the invalid format. The agent only able to consume JKS stores (Java KeyStore). So to achieve a correct configuration you can simply use the DummyKey and Trust stores inside the Deployment Manager. The correct path is in my case was: <Dmgr profile root>/etc/DummyClient<Trust|Key>File.jks
trapConfig.xml
If you plan for using traps, this is right place for you. Unfortunately, I am not going to cover this section in this blog post.
You can use my config files as a template in your environment.
Starting the agent
Okay, finally we configured our agent, it’s time to start. But before we can start it, just in case execute a full resynchronize command for the node where the SNMP agent resides. To do that:
Sign in the WAS admin console and navigate to the System administration > Nodes page. Select the node where your SNMP agent is, and click the Full Resynchronize button. Wait for the success message on the top.
To start the SNMP agent, navigate the Servers > Server types > Generic servers page.
Select your agent, then click on the Start button.
Wait until the red cross at the end of the line changes to a green arrow pointing to the right.
Check the logs on the filesytem. The SNMP agent has the standard SystemOut.log SystemErr.log log files and a pid file containing the OS process id on the standard logging path: <profile root>/logs/<server name>. You should see something like the following:
Repository Dir: /opt/IBM/WebSphere/AppServer/profiles/TamasSNMP01/config/cells/TamasCell01/nodes/TamasSNMP01/servers/SNMPAgent_for_TamasCluster01Server01 Agent WsSNMPAGENT is bound to the registry at port 1135 Connected to Server TamasCluster01Server01 on Node TamasCustom01 … ========================================================================== ======*********IBM WebSphere SNMP Capability*********====== – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – IBM WebSphere SNMP Capability IS RUNNING………. – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
As you can see, my SNMP agent started and connected to my server node running on another profile. It’s a good practice to check the agent using netstat to validate the listening status on the configure snmpPort (10162).
Tracing
In normal circumstances, the agent is not really a talking type guy. Even if he has a headache. So in order to provide the cure, you have to make him talk. A lot. So being serious, enabling the trace is not as easy as a normal WAS server. You have to create a properties file, then you have to modify the JVM generic arguments, nothing special just uncomfortable. Let’s do this.
First of all, you have to create a properties file with the following entries.
When your file is created, you have to upload it to somewhere on your server. Generally I prefer to store files on the designated directories where meant to be, so I copied the file to my <SNMP node profile>/properties/ directory.
The last step is to configure the SNMP Agent adding some generic JVM arguments to the agent, then restart. To augment the agent with those properties, on the admin console navigate to the Servers > Server types > Generic Servers > Your SNMP server > Process Definition > Java Virtual Machine page and add the following lines to the Generic JVM arguments textarea. Take care for the white spaces and enters. One attribute per line.
Now you have to Terminate the server and Start when terminated. If your trace configuration is correct, the trace level messages should appear in the SystemOut.log. A trace should look like this:
Standard WebSphere like trace stream
If debug messages are no longer required in your environment, simply remove the Generic JVM arguments from the configuration and restart your agent.
Testing
Last but not least, open a monitoring software (for example MIB Explorer or MibBrowser) and try to connect to the SNMP agent. Remember: all the required information for the connection can be found in the agentConfig.xml file (including the username and password as well). So, connect to your SNMP agent and let’s execute an SNMPWALK against it. In MibBrowser you can navigate to the WEBSPHERE-MIB > networkharmoni > applications > webSphere > wsCounterTable > wsCounterEntry > wsCounterName. Right click on the las one and execute an SNMPWALK. Voilá! You received the names of those PMI attributes, which is currently enabled on the monitored server (in my case this is the Basic attribute set).
MIB files
If your monitoring software and/or team ask you to provide the neccessary MIB files, you can download them from the <WAS binary root>/properties/mibs directory. Simply download them and provide to requestor. These are the required files (total 7):
nh-smi.smi
rfc1213-mib.mib
rmon2-mib.mib
rmon-mib.mib
snmpv2-tc.mib
tokenring-rmon-mib.mib
websphere-mib.mib
Closure
These are just the basics. You can playing aroung to fine tune your monitoring conditions (playing around the MBeans) and trap definitions. I hope this blog entry helped you a little or lot, and saved some time for you. This configuration took me almost a week which is insane (especially if you think how complicated in reality as well).
To provide the best performance and availability for WebSphere applications, administrators and developers count on scalability features found in the software, hardware, and networking components that host their WebSphere domain. More than ever, the availability of our Web applications can impact critical business processes.
Recognizing this, WebSphere technologists are implementing high-availability (HA) clusters using WebSphere Application Server Network Deployment Edition v5, hereafter referred to as ND. Along with HA functionality found in databases, Web servers, and operating systems, ND can be implemented to deliver the benefits of HA architecture: increased performance, failover, recovery, and workload management.
Let's now consider the Java applications hosted within WebSphere. Are they affected when the application servers that contain them are cloned? In the development life cycle, did you consider that your code might be deployed into a clustered WebSphere topology? For the servlet and JSP developer, this means that requests to servlets or JSPs might not be serviced by the same application server, even though the requests might all be for the same session.
In this article, I will examine HTTP session management strategies in clustered WebSphere environments from the perspectives of the administrator and the developer. I will make the case for implementing ND's framework for session management as an alternative to client-tier sessions, describing the tracking and persistence functionality that ND delivers.
Client-Tier Session ManagementThe HTTP session is implicitly stateless; this limitation must be considered when designing an HA solution. One way developers can overcome this limit is by storing the session at the client (browser) and delivering it as part of each server request.
There are several ways developers can store the session data at the client, including URL rewriting, cookies, and hidden HTML form elements. These are not to be confused with ND's session tracking mechanisms. The difference is that ND uses URL rewrites or cookies only to track the session ID. Storing the session in the client means sending all or most of the session data back and forth between the client and the server clone. Here are the major problems found with client-stored session data:
Network traffic: In each request to the server, a potentially large amount of session data will be along for the ride. Depending on the implementation, the server might also respond with the entire session. Another drawback is that usually most of the data is unchanged and is unnecessarily exchanged.
Varying browser support: When using URL rewriting or cookies to transport an entire session, you might run into size limitations at the client. There aren't standards that specify how long a URL can be or how much data can be stored in a cookie. Each browser enforces different rules.
Security: HTML forms can be saved anywhere the browser is rendered. Also, cookie files could be edited and URLs could be altered and pasted into another browser. While it's possible to add encryption, this will mean added complexity and performance overhead.
Since the entire session is part of each HTTP conversation, there is no need for stateful interaction with server clones. In this scenario, it doesn't matter which server clone services the request because the session data is contained in the request.
ND offers the alternative of server-managed sessions through affinity, tracking, and persistence mechanisms. This lets the developer take advantage of server-tier session management, with the added benefits of the HA infrastructure built into ND clusters. The rest of this article describes ND's support and functionality for server-tier session management.
ND Session AffinityThe conversation between a browser and a server clone can contain many exchanges. Since the browser initiates the conversation, the server clone that first services the request must be linked in some way to this new session so that subsequent requests can also be serviced by the same clone. Take, for example, the online shopping cart. As the user shops, items are added to the virtual shopping cart before checkout. This interaction could involve multiple HTTP exchanges. If items in the shopping cart are kept at the server clone, every one of those HTTP exchanges must be serviced by the same clone.
Uniquely identifying this browser-to-server relationship is what's known as session affinity. ND supports session affinity through the plug-in architecture, which defines the transport parameters between the Web server and the server clones. The plug-in parameters are built by the ND administrative server and stored in the plugin-cfg.xml file. When a server cluster is created, ND assigns each clone a unique identifier. Listing 1 shows what it looks like in the plugin-cfg.xml.
Since clone IDs are automatically assigned when the cluster is created, session affinity is enabled by default. The process of matching a session to a clone can impact performance, so if you don't need session affinity, disable it by removing the clone IDs from the plugin-cfg.xml. Also note that the plug-in will bypass session affinity if it doesn't detect session ID as part of the request. I'll discuss later how ND identifies the session and the options we have to track it.
The mechanics of session affinity are pretty straightforward, but it's worth noting that affinity guarantees only that requests for a single session are routed to the same clone. If the clone fails or is shut down, the plug-in will route the request to a different clone. If the alternate clone can't recover the session, then it is lost.
Using our shopping cart example, such a failure will result in an empty cart. To avoid this, ND has session persistence options that make the session recoverable in failover scenarios. But first let's cover session tracking functionality in ND to complete the affinity picture.
ND Session Tracking MechanismsIn addition to unique clone IDs, establishing affinity requires unique session IDs and an ability to track them in a multipart, browser-to-clone conversation. ND offers three options for tracking the session ID: SSL ID tracking, cookies, and URL rewriting. You can enable more than one tracking mechanism, and ND will resolve them in the following order: (1) SSL session IDs, (2) cookies, and (3) URL rewriting. A good reason to enable more than one mechanism is that each has deficiencies. If you decide to track sessions by SSL ID and the Web server fails, ND can fall back on an alternative tracking mechanism. The great part is that this functionality is built into ND, ready to go. Figure 1 shows ND's session tracking mechanisms.
An advantage of SSL tracking is that it doesn't require any code changes. The SSL ID is negotiated between the browser and the Web server, so even an application server failure won't change the session ID. Keep in mind that SSL IDs are affected by the Web server configuration (httpd.conf for Apache-style Web servers) and this may overlap with ND's session management controls. For example, session timeout is set by the SSLV3TIMEOUT parameter in the Web server, and is also set in ND's session management settings. Another possible conflict might occur if your code contains custom session invalidation routines. Be careful to verify each layer (Web server, app server, Web apps) to ensure one doesn't step on another.
As a tracking mechanism, cookies can be problematic. Many users block cookies out of concern for privacy. Some network administrators filter out cookies at the firewall. Still, beyond any privacy concerns, there are valid technical reasons for avoiding cookies. If cookies are permitted they can easily be manipulated at the client through browser controls or at the file system. Cookie files can be purged, expired, and changed manually. Any of these actions will cause loss of the session ID. If we don't trust cookies to hold session data, then we shouldn't trust cookies to hold the reference (session ID) to the session data either.
URL rewriting is fairly straightforward and involves appending the session ID to the end of a URL. There is a simple code requirement that the servlet or JSP must encode the URL for ND to properly recognize that a URL has a session attached to it.
The following code snippet shows the URL encoding in the servlet:
The following code snippet shows the URL encoding in the JSP:
<%= response.encodeURL(request.getRequestURI())%>
A big advantage for URL rewriting is that it works everywhere. It also supports concurrent sessions for single users, but this could be troublesome if the user pastes the URL of an active session into a new browser instance. The server wouldn't know which browser instance was active. From a code perspective, especially for JSPs, URL rewriting can be awkward. Any page links in the JSP that need stateful session information would need their URLs rewritten. Also off-limits are any static HTML pages, because there's no way to insert the session ID.
The IBMSession InterfaceIt is quite common for Web applications to store session data at the server in a session object without persistence. This nonpersisted, local session exists only in JVM memory; if it is not persisted through ND, it is not made available outside this JVM and doesn't play a role in the HA infrastructure. Be careful not to confuse in-memory local sessions with ND's memory-to-memory replication. In-memory local sessions are limited to a single server (per the Servlet 2.3 specification), and don't offer recovery options after failover.
Servlet developers using local sessions store information through the HttpSession interface. The HttpSession is obtained through the HttpServletRequest, and is handled in the servlet's doGet() and doPost() methods. The HTTPSession methods to access and update the session include:
HttpSession hsess = req.getSession();Object o = hsess.getAttribute("sessAttributeName");hsess.setAttribute("sessAttributeName", sessObject);
The IBMSession interface extends the HTTPSession to add the following functionality: session overflow control, user identity association, and the ability for the developer to force a session to be persisted externally. While the first two fall under the umbrella of ND's session management offerings, it is the session persistence method that is important in a clustered topology. The developer has complete control of when the session gets persisted by calling the sync() method. This level of control is new in ND; previously the persistent store update was deferred until the end of the time interval specified in the session manager's write frequency settings, as shown in Figure 2.
Developers who store session data at the server can easily implement the IBMSession interface, and won't have much work left to achieve a server-tier session management system that supports failover. An added bonus is that very little, if any, code needs to change to implement persistent sessions with ND.
The WebSphere implementation, through the IBMSession interface, includes methods to access the extended functionality:
Now we can turn our attention toward what ND offers us for session persistence. We've already seen how the IBMSession interface allows the developer to choose exactly when the persistent store is updated, so let's look at the other way that persistent stores get updated, along with the details about ND's persistence mechanisms.
ND Session Persistence MechanismsTo briefly review, we've identified the session and the server (IDs), associated the two (affinity), and routed the request (plug-in). As we move on and discuss ND's session persistence functionality, keep in mind that ultimately it is the two persistence options that make failover recovery possible for the session.
Figure 3 shows the distributed environment settings in ND's administrative console. Here you can specify either database or memory-to-memory replication. Memory-to-memory replication is new in ND and uses WebSphere internal messaging.
Before the release of ND, database persistence was the only option available. The concept of persisting session objects to a database is fairly straightforward. Usually, when discussing this option, the first question asked is about performance. The general concern is that writing the objects out to a database is slow to begin with, and will collapse under any volume. While it's possible to overload even a very highly tuned system with enough volume, the real problem is the size of the session. When selecting database persistence, you must carefully consider page sizes (if using DB2) and whether to use a multirow schema. A single-row schema means one session object per row. A multirow schema means one session attribute per row. The trade-off is between performance and space in the database. The consensus best practice is to keep the session objects as small as possible and carefully analyze the average session size to determine database structure.
Memory-to-memory replication is a new alternative for persistence released in ND. One of the best reasons to consider this option is that it doesn't require a database. At first look, it might not be a big deal to create and manage a simple database for session persistence; however, the database needs to be part of a clustered solution to avoid a single point of failure.
There are three possible topologies: single replica, dedicated replication server, and peer-to-peer (default). The basic idea is that the session objects are "replicated" in memory between server clones, and the different topologies offer varying degrees of recovery. If a clone fails, the next request is routed through the plug-in, which then, depending on topology, can access a replicated copy of the session. The session size is even more important in memory-to-memory replication than in database persistence. A large session object combined with a high number of users can exhaust JVM heap memory quickly. The performance trade-off comes in the number of servers that participate in replication (based on the three available topologies).
Immediately after a session is persisted, it starts growing stale. Any session updates that happen after the last write won't be recovered in a failover scenario. We must decide between the performance trade-off of low update intervals and an acceptable level of session "freshness." Frequent updates (session synchronization) can hurt server performance. The best strategy is to find the right balance that still keeps your data fresh. In addition to the manual control through the IBMSession interface, you can choose a prepackaged tuning level that doesn't require any code change. The tuning choices are shown in Figure 4.
Since performance is an overriding factor in deciding on a persistence method, load testing is important and can help identify any weakness in an HA design before it is implemented. For many developers and administrators it is difficult to stage the entire HA implementation for testing and proof-of-concept purposes. There are some relatively inexpensive options, however, that can help you build a replica of your HA design. The ND environment described in this article was built using VMware's virtual machine software (www.vmware.com), allowing a single workstation to host software components (Web server, database, WebSphere) in separate virtual machines. To test performance and functionality, Apache's JMeter (http://jakarta.apache.org/jmeter/index.html) was used to simulate HTTP requests.
Developers can build use cases and test them against a planned HA configuration. For example, if you plan on implementing memory-to-memory replication using the default peer-to-peer topology, you might be concerned about the replicated sessions exhausting JVM memory. Such virtualized testing can help validate your choice of persistence methods. Developers can also simulate failover by shutting down server clones or even an entire virtual machine to observe recovery behavior.
ConclusionWebSphere Application Server ND supplies rich session management support in the areas of session tracking and persistence. Since the hardware, network, and software components on the server side of the topology are usually very reliable, it makes good sense to trust application-critical data, like session data, to the server tier. While this article focuses on the HA aspects of ND session management, it should be noted that there are other session-related controls in WebSphere 5 that we did not cover (check the referenced documents for more information). Developers and administrators are encouraged to take advantage of this functionality to build Web applications that meet the demand for application availability.
References
Wang, H. and Bransford, M. Server Clusters for High Availability in WebSphere Application Server Network Deployment Edition 5.0: http://ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg27002473
IBM WebSphere Application Server v5.0 System Management and Configuration (IBM Redbook): http://publib-b.boulder.ibm.com/Redbooks.nsf/ RedbookAbstracts/sg246195.html?Open
Performance Tips
By default, JSP pages create a session for every page. To avoid creating unnecessary sessions on JSP pages that don't need a session, set the scope to "false" with: <%@page session="false" %>.
If session affinity is not required, disable it by removing the clone IDs from the plugin-cfg.xml file to improve performance.
If using database persistence, use a dedicated session database. Storing session data in a shared database can adversely affect performance.
Build a small-scale replica of the HA topology and conduct functionality and performance validation testing.
Keep session objects small. Large session objects can limit options for session persistence topologies and are resource intensive. Limit data stored in the session to a minimum.
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Figure 1.1 Basic Application Server environment.
Figure 1.2 Network Deployment environment.
